The Riches and Poverty of Africa

THE RICHES AND POVERTY OF AFRICA


PART ONE

[The following was an email I sent to our supporters in August, 2002, after our memorable trip to visit our graduates from Scott Theological College in seven African nations – Uganda, Ethiopia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Malawi, and Tanzania. After you read the whole series of four parts, I would be happy to receive your feedback.]

“For the past thirty four years we have lived and worked in Kenya with its rich beauty and natural wealth mingled with wrenching poverty of people surviving with meagre resources. During our recent opportunity of visiting seven different African countries, from Ethiopia in the north with its ancient peoples and culture, to Malawi, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Swaziland and Namibia in the south, I have done a lot of thinking and enquiring. Why does Africa have so many riches mingled with such pervasive and endemic poverty?”

“Africa is a beautiful continent which is rich in natural resources. Africa cannot take a back seat to “America the beautiful” in its diversity of natural beauty and resources. Every country we visited was unique in its splendour. The awesome lakes in the Great Rift Valley are jewels in Africa that stretch from Ethiopia in the north, through Uganda and Kenya, down into southern Africa, moving into the Indian Ocean off the coast of Mozambique. We saw the water plunging out of Lake Victoria into the tributary that flows into the Nile. It takes three months for the water to flow 4,000 miles to the Nile delta. We walked beside the longest shelf of falling water in the world where 550 million litres fall 300 feet into the gorge every minute, sending mist 1,500 feet into the air. It is awesome. In the vernacular language these falls are called, “The smoke that thunders.” David Livingstone called them the Victoria Falls. We travelled over the vast Central African Savannah grass lands where elephant grass grows fifteen feet tall and the whole of central Africa receives plentiful rainfall for all kinds of rich agriculture. We saw the tiny but beautiful monarchy of Swaziland perched on the mountains of southern Africa with mountain streams flowing everywhere. Though Namibia is a desert country with the Namib to the west along the Atlantic ocean (the oldest and driest desert in the world) and the Kalahari desert on the east sweeping into Botswana, the country is actually rich in mineral wealth. In fact all these countries have mineral wealth which is the envy of the world - tin, copper, bauxite, coal, gold, diamonds, oil and uranium.”

“But mingled with all the natural beauty and resources, I frequently became depressed by the pervasive, persistent and endemic poverty everywhere. Yes, the wealthy class is always present in these countries. When arriving in Zambia, the first place Bishop Shamapani took us was a modern shopping mall recently built by a South African company. I was dumb struck. I thought, “Has Zambia overtaken Kenya in economic development?” Inside the mall one would have thought he was in some electronic store in the modern West – wide aisles stocked with electronic goods that staggered my mind. But we soon discovered that Zambia is a very, very poor country with people subsisting on this fertile land. Yes, a rich minority but the masses in poverty. Zambia is a country with so much land occupied and developed by so few people that the Zambian government is actually inviting white, commercial farmers from Zimbabwe and South Africa to take possession of empty portions of the land and develop it. People in all the countries where we visited (except Uganda) felt that their country was economically depressed. Ethiopia is reckoned the second poorest country in Africa even though they trace their history back to King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba and even though Ethiopia became a Christian monarchy in the fourth century. Why?”

CONTINUED IN PART TWO

Christianity and Spiritual Warfare in Africa

CHRISTIANITY AND SPIRITUAL WARFARE IN AFRICA

Part Three

The Christian Church has been firmly founded in Africa and there are many vibrant Christians committed to Jesus Christ. They show by their lives of commitment that they truly are disciples of Christ. But those who are truly discipled are a distinct minority with the masses of “Christians” either nominal in their confession or weak in their understanding and obedience to the Word of God. The peoples and the countries wherever we went are wide open to the Gospel. Africa has not yet reached a state, as found in the West, where the peoples oppose Christianity and resist the Gospel. This is the day for the Christian Church to fulfill the Great Commission in Africa.

We must not give up on Africa, either in despair because of its failure to progress, or in the belief that Africa is now Christian and can evangelize their own people without the help of western missionaries. The greatest need in Africa today, as we see it, is biblical teaching of the Christians and the training of church leaders. So many, many evangelical denominations in these countries are tiny and need a boost in evangelistic zeal. So many denominations have only a small percentage of trained pastors. The result is that many Christians are not being taught the deep truths of Scripture and challenged to devote themselves fully to Christ. In many ways the Christian Church in Africa is the victim of her own success. The churches have grown so rapidly that they have not been able to provide adequate numbers of well trained shepherds to disciple the flock. We need missions and missionaries who can come along side the national Christians with a sensitive and humble spirit to assist them in becoming all that God intends them to be, firmly rooted in the Word of God. There is so much confusion everywhere, a cacophony of different theologies and ideologies that Christians must become confused without deep teaching from Scripture. In Machakos, our neighboring town in Kenya, with 30,000 people (precise figure is not known), there are 37 different kinds of churches (this I counted recently).

Our visit to these Scott graduates has confirmed my conviction that the ministry of Scott Theological College, along with other similar ministries of leadership training, is the most strategic and important ministry today in Africa. Together with this, we need to find creative ways of providing Bible teaching with practical application so that the anemic and weak Christians can grow. We need to find ways to provide in-service training for pastors to help them continue to grow in the Lord. And above all else, we need to continue to pray and work for revival in our churches. A revitalized and renewed Christian Church will be energetic in their witness, faithful in their personal lives and eager to reach out to the lost who still do not know the Lord.

FINIS

Christianity and Spiritual Warfare in Africa

CHRISTIANITY AND SPIRITUAL WARFARE IN AFRICA
Part Two

In the limited circles of Kampala, the capital of Uganda where we stayed one week, there was evidence of education and Christian faith. The Anglican Church we attended had a vibrant service which became my favourite of all the churches we attended during our twelve weeks of travel. It combined solid biblical truth in hymns, liturgy, two Scripture readings and an expository message from the Word, with enthusiastic singing, dancing and praising God by the people for twenty minutes. The people were well dressed, English is the official language of Uganda (as was true in every other country we visited, except Ethiopia) and we found churches everywhere. However, a missionary told us that just beneath the surface one finds deep, traditional, cultic beliefs in ancestral spirits and mystical powers. Indeed, when we visited the Kasubi tombs where the last four kings of the Baganda were buried we could detect an underlying world view of spiritism. More than seventy descendants of the late kings’ wives still live there and several are always in the building. They perform rituals and give offerings for the dead. The well being of the Baganda depends on these offerings to the spirits of the dead kings.

In Swaziland where 80% claim to be Christian only 19% are church members. 50% of all church members belong to one of 73 Zionist denominations which are mostly syncretistic without knowledge of the Gospel. Swaziland prides itself in its strong traditional culture but this includes performing rituals and ceremonies for the dead. Christians in a couple’s seminar we attended from an evangelical church admitted that most of the Christians, even in the evangelical churches, perform these rituals simply because it is Swazi culture, without any understanding that this is anathema before God.

Pentecostal type of Christianity (both mission churches and African indigenous churches) is sweeping over Africa with its emotional extremes, theological errors and lack of biblical depth. In Ethiopia, during the years of persecution under the Marxist government when all churches were closed, the Christians clung together for survival in house churches with constantly changing locations and times. As a result of this mixture and lack of biblical teaching, all churches tend to be similar in their theology and Christian practice. In one SIM daughter church during a choir number, one woman jumped to her feet in hysteria, made some emotional outburst and then collapsed to her seat. When I inquired later what this meant, I was informed that she had just been “filled with the Spirit.” I was greatly disturbed as we attended church after church, how seldom there was Scripture reading in the service. Even in the best of churches, there was no Scripture reading. The message we heard in Addis Ababa was nothing but random talk about Christ’s death and resurrection without any biblical basis, theme or biblical instruction. Worship is becoming louder, nosier, more emotional and ecstatic, with the focus seemingly on how good one feels rather than focusing on God and praising him for his glory and greatness.

When we were in Malawi I asked one Malawian what he felt was the greatest need in the church. He thought for a minute and then replied, “Revival.” Many churches have lost the Gospel through a liberal theology. Others have lost their zeal for evangelism and devotion to the Lord. Church leaders are often pre-occupied with retaining their position and see the educated younger clergy as a threat to them. Thus church growth is squelched. The Presbyterian Church in Malawi opposes evangelism and excommunicates anyone who claims to be “born again.” They desire to co-exist in peace with the Muslims which are now spreading rapidly because the President is Muslim and the Arab oil wealth is pouring into the country. Evangelical churches founded by faith missions have lost their zeal for evangelism in several South African countries we were in. Those with an evangelistic zeal are seen as a threat to the leaders who were never known for evangelistic outreach.

So what is our conclusion? There is a spiritual warfare going on in the African continent. On the one hand, there is the voice of the Christian Church, over radio and TV, in public arenas and official circles and within the churches. But competing for the attention of the peoples are two other voices: the traditional attraction of African religion with its mystical powers and dependence on the ancestral spirits and witchcraft, and the modern attraction of materialism, hedonism and humanism. On one bus we heard the gospel sung and preached and later on saw a western movie full of violence and lust.

CONTINUED IN PART THREE